MOT repairs that most often do not hold

Last updated · OBDCode UK editorial

Among MOT failures with at least 20,000 cars in the 2024 fail cohort, “Malfunction indicator lamp Engine MIL illuminated indicating a malfunction” had the highest rate of the same item failing again the following year: 14.8% (95% CI 14.7–14.9) of 391,384 cars (all fuels) — 15 times the rate for cars that did not fail on it.

Ranked by the share of the 2024 fail cohort that failed on the same line again in 2025. Failures with fewer than 20,000 cars are excluded.

By fuel at the 2024 test

Petrol and diesel are different faults. Each row is that fuel only. It is not the all-fuels same-item rate already on this page. The not-tested gap is percentage points versus other cars of the same fuel that did not fail on this wording.

Scroll horizontally to read every fuel column.

FuelCarsSame-item failNot-tested gap
Petrol 192,397 15.4% (95% CI 15.3–15.6) +15.6 pp
Diesel 194,460 14.2% (95% CI 14.1–14.4) +6.9 pp
Hybrid Electric (Clean) 1,972 9.0% (95% CI 7.8–10.4) +4.1 pp

The ranking

Scroll horizontally to read every ranking column.

RankCertificate wordingSystemFailed again in 2025Vs cars that did not fail on itCars
1 Malfunction indicator lamp Engine MIL illuminated indicating a malfunction Noise, emissions and leaks 14.8% (95% CI 14.7–14.9) 15 times (1.00% (95% CI 1.0–1.0)) 391,384 all fuels
2 Joints A transmission shaft constant velocity joint boot missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc Body, chassis, structure 12.8% (95% CI 12.7–12.9) 11 times (1.2% (95% CI 1.2–1.2)) 432,660
3 On or after 01/01/2014 Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer's specified limit Noise, emissions and leaks 11.8% (95% CI 11.4–12.3) far higher (0.07% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 20,752
4 SRS Malfunction Indicator Lamp warning lamp does not illuminate Seat Belts and Supplementary Restraint Systems 11.4% (95% CI 11.2–11.5) 37 times (0.31% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 130,095
5 On or after 01/07/2008 Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer's specified limit Noise, emissions and leaks 10.3% (95% CI 10.0–10.6) far higher (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 36,817
6 Catalyst emissions Emissions levels exceed default limits Noise, emissions and leaks 9.6% (95% CI 9.4–9.8) 45 times (0.21% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 82,254
7 Catalyst emissions Emissions levels exceed the manufacturer's specified limits Noise, emissions and leaks 9.4% (95% CI 9.2–9.6) 46 times (0.20% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 73,521
8 Component mounting prescribed areas prescribed area is corroded but not considered excessive Suspension 9.2% (95% CI 9.0–9.3) 21 times (0.44% (95% CI 0.4–0.4)) 159,224
9 Headlamp aim The aim of a headlamp is not within limits laid down in the requirements Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 8.8% (95% CI 8.7–8.9) 5.9 times (1.5% (95% CI 1.5–1.5)) 553,422
10 Pre 01/07/2008 Turbo Smoke opacity levels exceed the manufacturer's specified limit Noise, emissions and leaks 8.7% (95% CI 8.3–9.1) far higher (<0.1% (95% CI 0.0–0.0)) 20,637
11 Position lamp A lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 8.6% (95% CI 8.5–8.7) 5.7 times (1.5% (95% CI 1.5–1.5)) 565,083
12 Rbt (sp) Parking brake efficiency below minimum requirement Brakes 8.3% (95% CI 8.3–8.4) 8.9 times (0.93% (95% CI 0.9–0.9)) 356,618
13 A tyre pressure monitoring system malfunctioning or obviously inoperative Tyres 7.9% (95% CI 7.7–8.1) 22 times (0.35% (95% CI 0.3–0.4)) 90,173
14 Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc Steering 7.6% (95% CI 7.4–7.8) 42 times (0.18% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 68,143
15 Catalyst emissions Lambda coefficient outside the default limits or the range specified by the manufacturer Noise, emissions and leaks 7.5% (95% CI 7.4–7.6) 16 times (0.47% (95% CI 0.5–0.5)) 166,607
16 An obligatory rear fog lamp missing, or a front or rear fog lamp inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 7.3% (95% CI 7.2–7.5) 22 times (0.33% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 124,834
17 Horn Audible warning inoperative Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 7.1% (95% CI 7.0–7.3) 31 times (0.23% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 88,092
18 Ball joint has slight play Suspension 7.1% (95% CI 7.0–7.1) 4.5 times (1.6% (95% CI 1.6–1.6)) 564,288
19 Stop lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 7.0% (95% CI 6.9–7.0) 6.4 times (1.1% (95% CI 1.1–1.1)) 395,913
20 Windscreen washers not working or not providing sufficient fluid to clear the windscreen Visibility 6.8% (95% CI 6.7–6.9) 5.1 times (1.3% (95% CI 1.3–1.3)) 502,334
21 Anti-lock braking system Warning device shows system malfunction Brakes 6.7% (95% CI 6.6–6.9) 21 times (0.32% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 123,785
22 Track rod end ball joint has slight play Steering 6.7% (95% CI 6.6–6.8) 6.9 times (0.97% (95% CI 1.0–1.0)) 350,028
23 Headlamp reflector or lens seriously defective or missing Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 6.4% (95% CI 6.2–6.7) 49 times (0.13% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 47,290
24 Parking brake performance Parking brake inoperative on one side Brakes 6.3% (95% CI 6.2–6.4) 15 times (0.43% (95% CI 0.4–0.4)) 167,276
25 Coil spring A spring or spring component fractured or seriously weakened Suspension 6.2% (95% CI 6.2–6.3) 2.8 times (2.3% (95% CI 2.2–2.3)) 654,624
26 Headlamp has a product on the lens but not seriously reducing light output Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 6.1% (95% CI 5.8–6.3) 51 times (0.12% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 41,531
27 Integral vehicle structure condition is corroded but structural rigidity is not significantly reduced Body, chassis, structure 6.0% (95% CI 5.8–6.2) 40 times (0.15% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 49,559
28 Prescribed areas prescribed area is corroded but not considered excessive Seat Belts and Supplementary Restraint Systems 5.5% (95% CI 5.4–5.7) 36 times (0.15% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 58,367
29 A headlamp or light source missing, inoperative or more than ½ not functioning in the case of LED Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 5.4% (95% CI 5.4–5.5) 5.9 times (0.92% (95% CI 0.9–0.9)) 339,320
30 Electronic stability control warning lamp not working Brakes 5.4% (95% CI 5.3–5.6) 30 times (0.18% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 60,979
31 Registration plate lamp(s) A rear registration plate lamp or light source missing or inoperative in the case of multiple lamps or light sources Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 5.1% (95% CI 5.0–5.2) 7.3 times (0.70% (95% CI 0.7–0.7)) 246,610
32 Tread depth worn close to legal limit/worn on edge Tyres 5.0% (95% CI 4.9–5.0) 2.5 times (2.0% (95% CI 2.0–2.0)) 767,114
33 Ball joint dust cover A suspension joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc Suspension 4.9% (95% CI 4.8–5.0) 6.2 times (0.79% (95% CI 0.8–0.8)) 251,775
34 Chassis condition or chassis corroded within 30cm of a mounting, but not seriously affecting overall security Body, chassis, structure 4.9% (95% CI 4.7–5.1) 45 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 38,417
35 Chassis condition is corroded but structural rigidity is not significantly reduced Body, chassis, structure 4.8% (95% CI 4.5–5.1) 70 times (0.07% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 22,841
36 Service brake performance binding but not excessively Brakes 4.8% (95% CI 4.7–4.8) 7.4 times (0.64% (95% CI 0.6–0.6)) 286,992
37 Rigid brake pipes corroded, covered in grease or other material Brakes 4.5% (95% CI 4.4–4.6) 9.6 times (0.47% (95% CI 0.5–0.5)) 199,907
38 Rbt (sp) Parking brake efficiency less than 50% of the required value Brakes 4.5% (95% CI 4.4–4.7) 19 times (0.23% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 91,651
39 Track rod end Steering rack gaiter or ball joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc Steering 4.5% (95% CI 4.4–4.6) 10.0 times (0.45% (95% CI 0.4–0.5)) 122,724
40 Reversing lamps A reversing lamp inoperative Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 4.4% (95% CI 4.2–4.6) 41 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 33,550
41 Registration plates Number plate does not conform to the specified requirements Identification of the vehicle 4.1% (95% CI 3.9–4.3) 38 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 40,838
42 Door condition A door will not open using the relevant control or close properly Body, chassis, structure 4.0% (95% CI 3.8–4.2) 31 times (0.13% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 51,168
43 Pins and bushes pin or bush worn but not resulting in excessive movement Suspension 3.8% (95% CI 3.7–3.9) 2.8 times (1.3% (95% CI 1.3–1.3)) 449,260
44 Exhaust system has a minor leak of exhaust gases Exhaust, Fuel and Emissions 3.7% (95% CI 3.7–3.8) 5.7 times (0.65% (95% CI 0.7–0.7)) 241,756
45 Side repeaters A direction indicator lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 3.7% (95% CI 3.6–3.8) 10 times (0.36% (95% CI 0.4–0.4)) 125,571
46 Service brake performance Service brake efficiency below minimum requirement Brakes 3.7% (95% CI 3.5–3.8) 23 times (0.16% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 56,819
47 Headlamp levelling device inoperative Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 3.6% (95% CI 3.5–3.8) 32 times (0.12% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 39,066
48 Parking brake lever has excessive movement indicating incorrect adjustment Brakes 3.6% (95% CI 3.4–3.7) 22 times (0.17% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 61,073
49 Linkage ball joint dust cover A suspension joint dust cover missing or no longer prevents the ingress of dirt etc Suspension 3.6% (95% CI 3.5–3.7) 4.9 times (0.73% (95% CI 0.7–0.7)) 223,930
50 Linkage ball joints ball joint has slight play Suspension 3.5% (95% CI 3.4–3.6) 5.8 times (0.61% (95% CI 0.6–0.6)) 218,778
51 Headlamp emitted colour, position or intensity not in accordance with the requirements Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 3.5% (95% CI 3.3–3.7) 36 times (0.10% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 32,413
52 Condition A tyre cords visible or damaged Tyres 3.4% (95% CI 3.3–3.4) 2.7 times (1.3% (95% CI 1.3–1.3)) 449,245
53 Engine oil leaks leak, but not excessive Noise, emissions and leaks 3.4% (95% CI 3.2–3.5) 31 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 38,080
54 Shock absorbers has light misting of oil Suspension 3.2% (95% CI 3.1–3.3) 3.9 times (0.83% (95% CI 0.8–0.8)) 266,788
55 Service brake imbalance Brakes imbalance across an axle such that the braking effort from any wheel is less than 70% of the maximum effort recorded from the other wheel on the same axle. Brakes 3.2% (95% CI 3.1–3.3) 11 times (0.29% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 112,629
56 Condition has a cut but not deep enough to reach the ply or cords Tyres 3.0% (95% CI 3.0–3.1) 2.4 times (1.2% (95% CI 1.2–1.2)) 423,762
57 Emissions not tested Emissions test unable to be completed Noise, emissions and leaks 3.0% (95% CI 2.9–3.1) 8.0 times (0.37% (95% CI 0.4–0.4)) 132,012
58 Individual direction indicators A direction indicator lamp missing, inoperative or in the case of a multiple light source more than 1/2 not functioning Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 3.0% (95% CI 2.8–3.1) 22 times (0.14% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 52,165
59 Condition Seat belt not functioning as intended or of an incorrect type Seat belts and supplementary restraint systems 2.9% (95% CI 2.7–3.2) 43 times (0.07% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 23,774
60 Headlamp Lamp not securely attached Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 2.8% (95% CI 2.7–3.0) 22 times (0.13% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 46,099
61 Hand lever A service brake control has insufficient reserve travel Brakes 2.8% (95% CI 2.7–3.0) 27 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 38,959
62 Suspension arm corroded but not seriously weakened Suspension 2.8% (95% CI 2.6–3.0) 26 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 31,833
63 Headlamp aim not tested Headlamp aim unable to be tested Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 2.8% (95% CI 2.7–2.9) 11 times (0.25% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 87,360
64 Sub-frame corroded but not seriously weakened Suspension 2.6% (95% CI 2.4–2.8) 21 times (0.13% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 35,497
65 Macpherson strut A suspension pin, bush, joint or bearing excessively worn Suspension 2.6% (95% CI 2.4–2.7) 31 times (0.08% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 26,821
66 Condition Seat belt buckle missing, damaged or not functioning as intended Seat belts and supplementary restraint systems 2.5% (95% CI 2.4–2.7) 23 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 38,700
67 Stop lamps all missing or inoperative Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 2.5% (95% CI 2.3–2.7) 39 times (0.07% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 24,603
68 Shock absorbers has a slightly worn bush Suspension 2.4% (95% CI 2.2–2.5) 20 times (0.12% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 43,168
69 Wheel bearings has slight play Suspension 2.4% (95% CI 2.2–2.5) 17 times (0.14% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 49,396
70 Brake pads wearing thin Brakes 2.3% (95% CI 2.2–2.3) 1.7% (95% CI 1.7–1.7) 588,405
71 An obstruction significantly affecting the driver's view of the road through the swept area of the windscreen or an obligatory external mirror not visible Visibility 2.2% (95% CI 2.0–2.4) 37 times (0.06% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 20,653
72 Registration plate lamp(s) Rear registration plate lamp does not illuminate simultaneously with the position lamps Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 2.2% (95% CI 2.1–2.4) 24 times (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 33,185
73 Service brake imbalance requirements only just met. It would appear that the braking system requires adjustment or repair. Brakes 2.1% (95% CI 2.0–2.2) 14 times (0.15% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 60,130
74 Attachment A wheel with a loose or missing wheel nut, bolt or stud Road Wheels 2.1% (95% CI 2.0–2.2) 10 times (0.20% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 68,581
75 Fuel cap/sealing device Fuel system leaking, or missing or ineffective filler cap Body, chassis, structure 2.1% (95% CI 1.9–2.2) 25 times (0.08% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 28,902
76 Wheel bearings slightly noisy Suspension 2.0% (95% CI 1.9–2.1) 7.7 times (0.26% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 91,899
77 Wipers Wiper blade missing or obviously not clearing the windscreen Visibility 1.9% (95% CI 1.9–2.0) 1.5 times (1.3% (95% CI 1.3–1.3)) 482,354
78 Service brake performance Abnormal lag in brake operation on a wheel Brakes 1.9% (95% CI 1.8–2.1) 22 times (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 31,845
79 Linkage pins and bushes pin or bush worn but not resulting in excessive movement Suspension 1.9% (95% CI 1.7–2.0) 22 times (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 31,187
80 Catalyst emissions An induction or exhaust leak that could affect emissions levels Noise, emissions and leaks 1.8% (95% CI 1.7–2.0) 16 times (0.11% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 38,770
81 Individual direction indicators slightly discoloured Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 1.8% (95% CI 1.8–1.9) 6.7 times (0.27% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 102,004
82 Exhaust system mounting defective Body, chassis, structure 1.8% (95% CI 1.7–1.9) 8.7 times (0.21% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 80,378
83 Condition slightly damaged Seat belts and supplementary restraint systems 1.8% (95% CI 1.7–1.8) 4.7 times (0.38% (95% CI 0.4–0.4)) 153,642
84 Condition slightly damaged/cracking or perishing Tyres 1.6% (95% CI 1.6–1.7) 3.1 times (0.53% (95% CI 0.5–0.5)) 178,497
85 Mirrors Obligatory mirror or device inoperative, excessively damaged or insecure Visibility 1.5% (95% CI 1.4–1.7) 22 times (0.07% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 28,484
86 Battery(ies) A battery insecure and likely to fall from carrier or cause a short circuit Lamps, reflectors and electrical equipment 1.5% (95% CI 1.4–1.7) 26 times (0.06% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 23,805
87 Service brake performance fluctuating, but not excessively Brakes 1.5% (95% CI 1.4–1.5) 5.5 times (0.27% (95% CI 0.3–0.3)) 99,151
88 Flexible brake hoses has slight corrosion to ferrule Brakes 1.2% (95% CI 1.1–1.3) 19 times (0.06% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 23,598
89 Size/type Tyres on the same axle or on twin wheels are different sizes Tyres 1.2% (95% CI 1.1–1.3) 13 times (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 35,837
90 Rigid brake pipes Leaking brake pipe or connection on a hydraulic system Brakes 1.2% (95% CI 1.1–1.3) 13 times (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 30,094
91 Brake performance not tested Brake performance unable to be tested Brakes 1.2% (95% CI 1.1–1.3) 7.6 times (0.15% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 53,394
92 Ball joint A suspension pin, bush or joint likely to become detached Suspension 1.2% (95% CI 1.0–1.3) 13 times (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 33,061
93 Track rod end A steering ball joint worn to the extent there is a serious risk of detachment Steering 1.0% (95% CI 0.9–1.2) 18 times (0.06% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 22,161
94 Brake discs worn, but not excessively Brakes 1.00% (95% CI 1.0–1.0) twice (0.52% (95% CI 0.5–0.5)) 189,700
95 Brake pads Brake lining or pad worn down to wear indicator Brakes 0.83% (95% CI 0.8–0.9) 5.2 times (0.16% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 52,753
96 Registration plates deteriorated but not likely to be misread Identification of the vehicle 0.75% (95% CI 0.7–0.8) 7.2 times (0.10% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 37,629
97 Shock absorbers has a reduced damping effect Suspension 0.71% (95% CI 0.6–0.8) 7.1 times (0.10% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 32,295
98 Swivel pins and bushes swivel pin and/or bush slightly worn Suspension 0.70% (95% CI 0.6–0.8) 7.7 times (0.09% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 30,660
99 Condition a tyre has a lump, bulge or tear caused by separation or partial failure of its structure. This includes any lifting of the tread rubber Tyres 0.65% (95% CI 0.6–0.7) 4.2 times (0.15% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 56,997
100 Brake discs worn, pitted or scored, but not seriously weakened Brakes 0.63% (95% CI 0.6–0.7) 3.1 times (0.20% (95% CI 0.2–0.2)) 76,299
101 Pins and bushes A suspension pin, bush or joint likely to become detached Suspension 0.52% (95% CI 0.4–0.6) 8.4 times (0.06% (95% CI 0.1–0.1)) 20,841

How this ranking is calculated

  1. Universe. Class 4 vehicles whose first 2024 normal test recorded a failure on this certificate line.
  2. Outcome. The same vehicle_id failed on the same line in 2025.
  3. Rank statistic. repeat_rate = same-item 2025 failures ÷ 2024 fail cohort. Highest rate is rank 1.
  4. Denominator. Cars not tested in 2025 stay in the cohort and count as not repeating.
  5. Inclusion. Cohort of at least 20,000 cars.
  6. Ties. Larger cohort, then certificate wording A–Z.
  7. What is not observed. The extracts do not record whether a repair was carried out or which garage did it. Days until a later 2024 retest passed live on each failure page, not on this hub.
  8. Shown, not used to rank. repeat_control is the same-item fail rate among 2024 index tests that did not fail on this line. The lift is the ratio of the two rates when the control rate is above zero.

These figures are a statistical association from the national MOT extracts. They are not a prediction about an individual car, and we have not inspected any of the vehicles. 101 lines meet the inclusion rule on this page.

Other rankings

MOT prognosis registry — method for the whole follow-up, including the vehicle_id link and the publication floor. Wilson intervals and age-standardisation: how these figures are calculated.

Source: DVSA Anonymised MOT tests and results, 2024 and 2025 extracts (Class 4). Contains public sector information licensed under the Open Government Licence v3.0. Wording is pooled across reason-for-rejection codes that print the same line on the certificate.